Person of Interest is a broadcast television show on CBS where a “machine” predicts a person most likely to die within 24-48 hours. Then, it’s up to a mercenary and a data scientist to find that person and help them escape their fate. A straight forward plot really, but not so simple in terms of the technologies and analyses behind the scenes that could make a modern day prediction machine a reality. I have taken the liberty of framing some components that could be part of such a project. Can you help discover more?
In Person of Interest, “the machine” delivers either a single name or group of names predicted to meet an untimely death. However, in order to predict such an event, the machine must collect and analyze reams of big data and then produce a result set, which is then delivered to “Harold” (the computer scientist).
In real life, such an effort would be a massive undertaking on a national basis, much less by state or city. However, let’s dispense with the enormities—or plausibility of such a scenario and instead see if we can identify various technologies and analyses that could make a modern day “Person of Interest” a reality.
It is useful to think of this analytics challenge in terms of a framework: data sources, data acquisition, data repository, data access and analysis and finally, delivery channels.
First, let’s start with data sources. In Person of Interest, the “machine” collects data from various sources such as interactions from: cameras (images, audio and video), call detail records, voice (landline and mobile), GPS for location data, sensor networks, and text sources (social media, web logs, newspapers, internet etc.). Data sets stored in relational databases that are publicly and not publicly available might also be used for predictive purposes.
Next, data must be assimilated or acquired into a data management repository (most likely a multi-petabyte bank of computer servers). If data are acquired in near real time, they may go into a data warehouse and/or Hadoop cluster (maybe cloud based) for analysis and mining purposes. If data are analyzed in real time, it’s possible that complex event processing technologies (i.e. streams in memory) are used to analyze data “on the fly” and make instant decisions.
Analysis can be done at various points—during data streaming (CEP), in the data warehouse after data ingest (which could be in just a few minutes), or in Hadoop (batch processed). Along the way, various algorithms may be running which perform functions such as:
- Pattern analysis – recognizing and matching voice, video, graphics, or other multi-structured data types. Could be mining both structured and multi-structured data sets.
- Social network (graph) analysis – analyzing nodes and links between persons. Possibly using call detail records, web data (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and more).
- Sentiment analysis – scanning text to reveal meaning as in when someone says; “I’d kill for that job” – do they really mean they would murder someone, or is this just a figure of speech?
- Path analysis – what are the most frequent steps, paths and/or destinations by those predicted to be in danger?
- Affinity analysis – if person X is in a dangerous situation, how many others just like him/her are also in a similar predicament?
It’s also possible that an access layer is needed for BI types of reporting, dashboard, or visualization techniques.
Finally, delivery of the result set –in this case – name of the person “the machine” predicts most likely to be killed in the next twenty four hours, could be sent to a device in the field either a mobile phone, tablet, computer terminal etc.
These are just some of the technologies that would be necessary to make a “real life” prediction machine possible, just like in CBS’ Person of Interest. And I haven’t even discussed networking technologies (internet, intranet, compute fabric etc.), or middleware that would also fit in the equation.
What technologies are missing? What types of analysis are also plausible to bring Person of Interest to life? What’s on the list that should not be? Let’s see if we can solve the puzzle together!
